8 types of virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that
can replicate only inside the living
cells of organisms. Viruses infect all
types of organisms, from animals and
plants to bacteria and archaea.[1]
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article
describing a non-bacterial pathogen
infecting tobacco plants, and the
discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus
by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,[2]
about 5,000 viruses have been
described in detail,[3] although there
are millions of different types.[4]
Viruses are found in almost every
ecosystem on Earth and are the most
abundant type of biological entity.[5]
[6] The study of viruses is known as
virology, a sub-speciality of
microbiology.
Virus particles (known as virions)
consist of two or three parts: the
genetic material made from either
DNA or RNA, long molecules that
carry genetic information; a protein
coat that protects these genes; and in
some cases an envelope of lipids that
surrounds the protein coat when they
are outside a cell. The shapes of
viruses range from simple helical and
icosahedral forms to more complex
structures. The average virus is about
one one-hundredth the size of the
average bacterium. Most viruses are
too small to be seen directly with a
light microscope.

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